英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　一、句型1：Subject (主語)＋Verb (謂語)

　　這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.

　　二、句型2：Subject (主語)＋Link. V(系動(dòng)詞)＋Predicate(表語)

　　這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。

　　三、句型3：Subject(主語)＋Verb (謂語)＋Object (賓語

　　這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名詞）他拿著書包離開了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭��?) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。

　　注意：英語中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。

　　四、句型4：Subject(主語)＋Verb(謂語)＋I(xiàn)ndirect object(間接賓語)＋Direct object (直接賓語)

　　這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present./Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March./The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。

　　五、句型5：Subject(主語)＋Verb (動(dòng)詞)＋Object (賓語)＋Complement(補(bǔ)語)

　　這種句型中的“賓語＋補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)●常見的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。●注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。